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Biography of
Ulrich Varnbüler, 1440-1496
Hans, the father of
Ulrich, was prominent in city affairs in St. Gallen, Switzerland, in the early
1400's. Ulrich made his entry into public affairs in the early 1460's and
gathered the various offices and honors that are available to a talented and
ambitious man. He demonstrated fine qualities as field commander of the St.
Gallen troops in the Burgundian wars. In the battle of Grandson in 1476 he and
his troops were part of the advance units of the Confederation and took part in
their famous attack. (A large painting of Ulrich returning triumphantly to a
hero's welcome in St. Gallen can still be seen in St. Gallen, and is in the
Image Gallery in the Contents list). After the war he often represented St.
Gallen at various Confederation parliaments. In December of 1480 he was offered
the position of mayor for the first time. From that time on he served in
several leading city positions and was considered the intellectual and
political leader. According to Vadian, who understood his contemporaries well,
"Ulrich was a very intelligent, observant, and eloquent man who enjoyed
the trust of the citizenry to a high degree." His reputation among the
Confederates was also substantial. However, in the late 1480's he became
involved in a conflict that was to have serious negative consequences for him
and for the city of which he was mayor.
In 1463 Ulrich Rösch
had assumed the management of the St. Gallen Abbey. He was an ambitious
prelate, whose goal it was to raise the abbey by every possible means to
prominence again following the losses of the Appenzell Wars. His restless
ambitions offended the political and material interests of his neighbors. When
he arranged for the help of the pope and the emperor to carry out a plan of
moving the abbey to Rohrschach on Lake Constance, he encountered stiff
resistance from the St. Gallen citizenry, other clerics, and the Appenzell
nobility in the Rhine Valley who were concerned about their holdings.
At his point
Varnbüler entered the conflict against the prelate. He wanted to restrict the
increase of power in the abbey and simultaneously increase the power of the
town that had been restricted in its development. For this purpose he
established contact with farmers and Appenzell residents (led by the fanatical
Hermann Schwendiner) who were seeking an opportunity to weaken the abbot.
Initially, he protested to the abbot and the representatives of the four
sponsoring Confederate cantons (Zürich, Luzern, Schwyz, and Glarus) against the
construction of the new abbey in Rohrschach. Then on July 28, 1489 he had armed
troops from St. Gallen and Appenzell destroy the buildings already under
construction. When the abbot complained to the Confederates about the damages
and demanded full compensation, Ulrich responded with a counter suit and in
cooperation with Schwendiner rejected the arbitration efforts of the
non-partisan Confederates. He motivated the clerics from Wil to Rohrschach to
discard their loyalty to the abbey and spoke against the abbey at the town
meeting at Waldkirch, where the popular league was formed. He was confident
that the four sponsoring cantons would not intervene with force, due to the
prevailing tensions between the Confederation and the Swabian League. He was
strengthened in his resolve by the fact that the people of St. Gallen elected
him again to the highest magistrate in 1490.
However, in early
1490 the four cantons decided to carry out their duty to the abbey and to
invade the St. Gallen canton with an armed force. The people of Appenzell and
the local clerics submitted to this force without noteworthy resistance, while
the city of St. Gallen braced for a fight to the finish. However, when they
learned that their compatriots had given up the fight, they lost confidence;
the end result was that they concluded a peace pact that greatly restricted the
city's powers and burdened the city with serious penalties and reparations
payments.
Ulrich, overwhelmed
by the responsibility for his political decisions, panicked in the face of the
approaching enemy who wanted him apprehended. His life was in great danger, and
he was forced to disguise himself as a messenger and escape out of the city. He
made his way to Lindau and to Innsbruck and the court of King Maximilian. The
victors confiscated those of his properties that lay outside of the city of St.
Gallen and banned him from the confines of the Confederation. Ulrich then
appealed to the imperial court (as did Schwendiner, who had fled with him) for
the return of his property. The suit had the support of Friedrich II and
Maximilian and the trial would drag on for years. It was continued by Ulrich's
sons Hans and Ulrich after his death in 1696, and eventually they regained the
properties. However, other political ramifications resulted from the court
action, because the Confederation took ownership of the city of St. Gallen and
rejected the inroads of the empire. Thus the conflict strengthened the
relationship between the Confederation and the city of St. Gallen. On the other
hand the matter increased the alienation between Switzerland and the German
Empire, which would eventually mean a total separation as a result of the
Swabian War.
Of the Varnbüler
sons mentioned above, the elder (Hans/Johann) became the mayor of Lindau. He is
the patriarch of the Baden and Württemberg Varnbülers.
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